Some flea and tick control products may do serious harm to pets and possibly to humans. On March 17, 2010, the EPA issued a report on flea and tick treatments and urged consumers to be extra careful when using them. The agency announced plans to develop stricter testing and evaluation standards for these products, new restrictions on product use, and better warning and labeling requirements.

The EPA’s report follows an alarming increase in adverse pet reactions to flea and tick treatments. Reports of bad reactions to these products have increased dramatically in recent years, from 28,895 reports in 2007 to 44,263 reports in 2008. Pets’ reactions have run the gamut from mild to severe and include skin irritations, vomiting, seizures, and in some cases, death. According to a 2009 ASPCA report, cats’ reactions tend to be worse than those of dogs.

Last year the EPA did a study of “spot on” treatments (in which a concentrated dose of a product is applied directly to a pet’s skin) and concluded that:

• Smaller dogs (10-20 pounds) suffered more harmful health effects than larger dogs. Small dog breeds most affected were Shih Tzus, Chihuahuas, Bichon Frises, Pomeranians and Dachshunds.
• Consumers need to be aware of and follow correct dosages when using these products on pets.
• It’s dangerous to use products designed for dogs on cats.
• Current product labels warning against using dog products on cats are not sufficient.

The bottom line? Flea and tick treatments contain chemicals – pesticides and in some cases, known carcinogens. Some of these chemicals can be toxic to pets and humans, especially children. To date the EPA hasn’t advised consumers to avoid certain products or formulas. However, the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) has an on-line guide that provides a safety rating for products by brand name and advises which ones to avoid completely.

If you are going to use pest control products on your pets make sure to:

• Consult with your vet about the safest options.
• Read product labels carefully and follow instructions for use.
• Know your pet’s exact weight and use the correct dosage for your pet.
• Never use dog products on cats and vice versa.

The NRDC also offers these non-chemical tips for flea and tick control:

• Flea comb your pet regularly with a special fine-toothed comb designed for the job, and rinse the comb in soapy water in between strokes.
• Bathe pets regularly using soap/shampoo designed for pets.
• Wash pet bedding in hot water once a week.
• Vacuum your home regularly and frequently, including furniture, carpets, rugs, floors and crevices. Immediately after vacuuming, empty the canister or discard the vacuum bag so fleas and ticks don’t reinvade your house.
• Keep grass and shrubbery clipped short in yards and outdoor areas to keep flea and ticks to a minimum.